The History of the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri
There
are three bands of Sac and Fox and they all have their own
disinct government and enrollment
processes. They are federally
recognized:
Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa --- Meshwaki.
Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma --- Sa ki wa ki.
Sac and
Fox Nation of Missouri in
Kansas and Nebraska --- Ne ma ha ha ki.
The Sac
and Fox Nation of Missouri are
of Algonquian origin and Woodland
culture.
The Sauk
and Fox were originally two
distinct groups. During the 1700's a French
attack on the Foxes caused the two tribes to join forces and form
a close alliance which helped to affect unification.
The
Sauk/Sac were called the "People of
the Yellow Earth", which
distinguishes
them from the Foxes who were called the "Red Earth People".
The Sac
and Fox Nation have been located in Michigan, Wisconsin,
Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska.
One of
the largest villages in North
America was Saukenuk, located between
the Rock and Mississippi rivers in Illinois.
At one time it included
approximately 4000 Sac and Fox People.
The
Treaty of 1804 ceded Sac and Fox land to the United States.
The treaty of 1815 officially named the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri
as a distinct tribe and they were moved
to Northeast Missouri from Iowa
and Illinois.
In 1824,
the Sac and Fox Nation of
Missouri were removed to the Platte
Valley northwest of the Missouri river along
with the Iowa, Potawatomi
and Kickapoo tribes.
In 1832,
the famous Sauk, Black Hawk, led part of
the Sac and Fox into war
against the United States.
The
Treaty of 1837 removed the Sac
and Fox Nation of Missouri into Kansas
across the Missouri river to the Great
Nemaha Reservation in
Doniphan and
Brown Counties. The Missouri band became officially known as
the
Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska.
In 1854,
the Sac and Fox of Missouri
ceded half of the tract assigned to
them in 1837 to the United States, which
further reduced the
reservation land base.
In 1893,
the Dawes Act divided
the reservation land into individual allotments.
In 1934,
the Sac and Fox of Missouri organized as a
federally recognized tribe under the Indian Reorganization Act.
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